Chemical Tattoo Removal Medical References
Citing the safety of chemical tattoo removal
1) TCA treatment of tattoos
The treatment of tattoos with tca: experience with 670 patients
British Journal of Plastic Surgery, Volume 41, Issue 2, March 1988, Pages 112-117
T.A. Piggot and R.W. Norris
Abstract
A review of out-patient treatment of tattoos with TCA has been undertaken. Six hundred and seventy patients have been treated during the 6-year period between 1979 and 1984 with an 85% success rate. The simple and inexpensive technique is described and the results presented.
Read more about the medical study on TCA tattoo removal.
2) TCA treatment of tattoos
D.A. Hudson & R.U Lechtape-Gruter
A Simple Method of Tattoo Removal.
South African Medical Journal; 1990 Dec 15;issue 78 (vol.12):748-9.
Abstract
70 patients participated in a medical study testing the effectiveness of TCA as a tattoo removal agent
resulting in a success rate of 90%.
3) Laser and current non-laser removal methods of tattoos
A data chart of laser, tattoo removal creams and tca products
HealthySkinAssociation.info
Abstract
A review of a cross section of tattoo removal methods. It compares ingredients, costs, as well as the product guarantee and effectiveness.
4) The chemical removal of tattoos
The chemical removal of tattoos with tannic acid...
British Journal of Plastic Surgery, Volume 25, 1972, Pages 189-194
R.W.B. Scutt
Abstract
A modification of a well-tried, if little-known, chemical technique for removing tattoos is presented as a safe, simple and effective out-patient procedure requiring virtually no after-care. Variot's technique of over tattooing with tannic acid formula.
Read more about the medical study on Chemical Removal of Tattoos.
5) Chemical extraction of tattoos
Chemical extraction technique for tattoo removal
British Journal of Dermatology Volume 151 Issue 6 Page 1282-1283, December 2004
W. Cheng (2004)
Abstract : Part 1
The technique involves application of cosmetic ingredients on the unwanted tattoo area using normal tattooing or a micropigmentation method. The ingredient composition has low skin toxicity and is also quite antiseptic. It is very close to a tattoo-over procedure.
Abstract : Part 2
Laser treatment is a modern technique for tattoo removal. Various lasers such as the Q-switched ruby laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, CO2 laser and Q-switched alexandrite laser are popularly used to remove tattoos. The adverse effects including textural change, scarring, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, partial removal and tattoo color darkening have been well addressed in the literature.2-4
2 Kuperman- Beade M, Levine VJ, Ashinoff R. Laser removal of tattoos. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2: 21–5.
3 Varma S, Swanson NA, Lee KK. Tattoo ink darkening of a yellow tattoo after Q-switched laser treatment. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27: 461–3.4
4 Levine VJ, Geronemus RG. Tattoo removal with Q-switched ruby laser and the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: a comparative study. Cutis 1995; 55: 291–6.
6) Comparison of chemical peel and dermabrasion to carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resufacing
Comparison of chemical peel and dermabrasion to carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resufacing
Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 8, Issue 1, March 1997, Pages 9-14
Bryan W. Rubach
Abstract
Chemical peel and dermabrasion have been time-tested modalities for treating cutaneous imperfections. These techniques provide a reliable and effective means for treating superficial and deep skin imperfections associated with aging and long-term sun exposure. With significant experience, these procedures offer a predictable and uniform result.
7) Exogenous Ochronosis
Joseph F Merola MD, Shane Meehan MD, Ruth F Walters MD, Lance Brown MD
Dermatology Online Journal 14 (10): 6
Department of Dermatology, New York University
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman with melasma develops biopsy-proved exogenous ochronosis in the setting of prolonged topical hydroquinone use. A limited number of similar reports exist in the US literature and are the basis for an FDA call to review hydroquinone-based products. This case underscores the difficult therapeutic dilemma which this diagnosis presents to dermatologists.
8) Think Before You Ink: Modeling Laser Tattoo Removal
A Cornell University study on the temperatures reached with laser tattoo removal.
Authors: Cumnock, Katherine; Gerson, Leigh; Stroncek, Jackie; Yagerman, Sarah
Jul-2008
Abstract:
...This model uses the heat transfer equation with a laser heat generation term to find the temperature
profiles of the ink and surrounding skin layers. Also included in the model are the heat energy effects of
evaporation within the tissue as it is heated. A mass transfer equation accounts for the moisture content
of the tissue as it is lost to vaporization during heating. Sensitivity analyses performed during the
modeling process produced optimal values for the absorptivity of the ink for the Q-Switched Ruby
laser, 165m-1. They also determined the optimal value for the absorptivity of the skin, 20 m-1. The
developed model was validated with clinical experimental results which claimed that within one 40
nanosecond laser pulse time, the ink particles reached 900 degrees Celsius (1652 degrees
Fahrenheit) while the surrounding skin temperature was between 45 and 55 degrees Celsius (113 and
131 degrees Fahrenheit). Further applications of this model include optimizing laser intensities and
pulsation times to reduce the tissue damage and the pain of the procedure.
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